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1、主語主語是執行句子的行為或動作的主體，如“我寫字”中的“我”，就是主語，它做出“寫” 這個動作。

2、“寫”則是謂語，而“字”是接受謂語“寫”這個動作的對象，它因此被稱為賓 語，有的語法書也稱它為“客體”或“受體”。

3、 主語可以這些列詞類或形式來擔任:名詞，代詞，名詞化了的動詞，形容詞，分詞，副詞或 數詞等，動詞不定式或不定式短語，從句，某些固定詞組的第二格。

4、 例子: Das Auto ist repariert. (名詞) 汽車修好了。

5、 Er ist ein Lehrer. (代詞) 他是教師。

6、 Das Ein- und Ausschalten dieses Instrument ist automatisch. (動名詞) 這個儀器的開和關是自動的。

7、 Der Alte ist noch sehr gesund. (形容詞) 這位老人還很健康。

8、 Die Reisenden sind schon seit Stunden muede. (第一分詞) 旅途上的人已在幾小時前就累了。

9、 Heute ist vieles anderes als frueher. (副詞) 現在跟以前已有很多不同。

10、 Die Tausend ist ein vierstellige Zahl. (數詞) 千是個四位的數字。

11、 Trinken ist in der Arbeit verboten. (第一不定式) 工作時間不準喝酒。

12、 Mit dir zusammen zu arbeiten ist kein Spass. (不定式短語) 跟你一起工作沒一點兒意思。

13、 Es ist nicht einfach, den Wettbewerb zu gewinnen . (不定式短語/形式主語es) 贏得競賽并不簡單。

14、 Dass meine Freundin zu mir kommt , freut mir sehr. (從句) 我女友的到來，令我非常高興。

15、 Unseres Bleibens ist hier nicht laenger. (固定詞組第二格) 我們不在這兒停留多長。

16、 主語是句子敘說和主題，說明句子講的是誰或者什么情況。

17、英語上可作主語的有: 1. 名詞: Our school is not far from my house. 2. 代詞: We like our school very much. 3. 數詞: Two plus two is four. 4. 名詞性或名詞化的詞、詞組或短語: The is an article. The 是個冠詞。

18、 The mother with her child is coming to the school. 5.動名詞: Seeing is believing. 6. 動詞不定式: To do such a job we need a better knowledge. 7. 從句: What I mean is to work harder. 主語從句 (Subject Clause)定義:如果一個句子在復合句中充當一個主語,那么這個句子就是主語從句.第一部分:常規主語從句，即句子在復合句中充當一個主語(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet.(4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.(6)Whatever you did is right.(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.(8)What we need is time.(9)What we need are good doctors.小結:(1)引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位于句首不能省略(3)主語從句大多數情況下視為單三,但也有例外,如例9第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末(1)It is certain that he will win the match.(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.(4)It is strange that he should do that.(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. (9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) (10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. (11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.(12)It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)(13)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小結:(1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導. It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed + that 從句.(2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11. 主語從句與賓語從句兩者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面從它們的各自用法，介紹:)~ 主語從句 主語從句 定義:在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。

19、 主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

20、 1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較 It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。

21、而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。

22、被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。

23、例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 2. 用it 作形式主語的結構 (1) It is +名詞+從句 It is a fact that … 事實是… It is an honor that …非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that …是常識 (2) it is +形容詞+從句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物動詞+從句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +過去分詞+從句 It is reported that… 據報道… It has been proved that… 已證實… 3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

24、 (2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。

25、例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。

26、例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。

27、例如: It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。

28、例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別 What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that 則不然。

29、例如: What you said yesterday is right. 賓語從句 的幾個特征:引導詞:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where 2語序:賓語從句必須是用陳述語句。

30、 如:I think that you must work harder. 賓語從句的引導詞、連接詞的區別、否定轉移等現象。

31、 (1)表達時間的幾個句型:一般用when或者是what time: What time will the train leave? 由于時刻都是固定的，也可以用一般現在時代替一般將來時: What time does the train leave? (2)時間的表達方式:8:19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight)，在時間的中間也可以加上分的單詞(minutes) (3)had better +動詞原型。

32、意思是提要求，建議。

33、但是上下級不能用這種方式，因為語氣太重: You had better give up smoking . (4)sb leave sth +地點 I left my book in my classroom yesterday. (5)may I have your name(address\age)?一般詢問對方的年齡、名字等，不要習慣以前的問法，這樣很不禮貌，而是要采訪上面的問法。

34、以前的習慣是:how old are you? \what's your name? (6)修飾名詞的代詞次序:限-描-大-形---年---顏----籍----物--------類+名詞: this is a bridge. This is a beautiful bridge 小結: (1)引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)連詞位于句首不能省略(3)主語從句大多數情況下視為單三,但也有例外第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末(1)It is certain that he will win the match.(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.(4)It is strange that he should do that.(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. (9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) (10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. (11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.(12)It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)(13)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)小結:(1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導. It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed + that 從句.(2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.主語補足語主語補足語即被動語態中的賓語補足語。

35、 舉例 eg.They caught boy stealing.被動語態 The boy was caught stealing.stealing 即為主語補足語。

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